Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall didn't exactly find the missing link, but she came closer than just about anyone else on Earth. Her extensive research into the behavior of chimpanzees, which started in Africa in the 1960s and continues today, fundamentally altered scientific thinking about the relationship between humans and other mammals.

Goodall, who founded a research institute in her name in 1977, was an internationally recognized authority on the primate world. She wrote books for adults and children, contributed to documentaries and served as a National Geographic explorer-in-residence, a United Nations peace messenger and the president of Advocates for Animals. For her efforts to observe and preserve all species, Goodall received honors and accolades from governments, nonprofits, universities and professional organizations, including a medal from UNESCO and the French Legion of Honor in 2006.