Lee Thompson: A brief history of sumo wrestling

A brief history of sumo wrestling

Sumo wrestling is known across the world as a beloved form of entertainment, a grand display of strength, and an ode to Japan's ancient past and traditions. But surprisingly, many of these so-called "ancient" traditions were actually recent inventions. So, what were these fabricated practices, and how do they relate to sumo’s true history? Lee Thompson traces the evolution of the sport. [Directed by Masayoshi Nakamura, Good General, narrated by Jack Cutmore-Scott, music by Zak Engel].

Sumo wrestling is celebrated for its deep ties to Japanese tradition, yet many of its most revered rituals were invented surprisingly recently. In the 18th century, sumo guilds crafted elaborate ceremonies and rules to gain legitimacy, including the famous ring-entering ritual and sacred rope. Innovations like the dohyō ring and ritual salt-throwing gave sumo a sense of ancient authority, even as the sport evolved alongside Japanese society. Today, sumo blends modern spectacle and technology with traditions both real and imagined.

Sumo’s Ancient Rituals Are Actually Modern Inventions

Many rituals seen in sumo wrestling today, like salt throwing and the yokozuna rope, are not centuries old but relatively recent creations. Even in the 18th century, sumo guilds invented traditions to gain legitimacy and secure exclusive rights to perform. Sumo evolved from imperial court entertainment to temple fundraisers to a tightly regulated spectacle, adapting rules and customs along the way. Despite dramatic changes, sumo remains a vivid symbol of Japanese culture—rooted in both real and imagined history.