构思一种新的药物、一个针对疾病的更好地药方相对容易。难的是测试它，测试过程可能会推迟有效新药上市若干年。在这个通俗易懂的演讲中，杰拉尔丁·汉密尔顿将向您解释她所在的实验室是怎样在芯片上创造人体器官和部位的，芯片具有简单的结构，所有的部件都对测试新药效果举足轻重 -- 甚至能为个人量身定做治疗方法。（TEDxBoston摄制）

芯片上的人体部位

Traditional drug testing using cells in dishes and animal models is often expensive, slow, and unreliable, leaving patients waiting for new therapies. In a striking breakthrough, scientists have created 'organs-on-chips': living, dynamic human tissues engineered on microchips that mimic the body’s complexity. These chips can model infections, predict drug responses, and even connect multiple organs to simulate a human body. One lung-on-a-chip in the lab can actually breathe, respond to bacteria, and trigger immune defenses just like a real lung.