乔治·宰丹和萨扬·赛尼: 微芯片是如何制造的？

微芯片是如何制造的？

全球每年生产超过一万亿块计算机芯片，也就是说每秒能制造大约 20 万亿个晶体管，而这个制造工序是在不到 500 座制造工厂中完成的。我们是如何如此迅速地制造出这么多又小又精密连接的电子元器件的？乔治·宰丹和萨扬·赛尼探索了光刻工艺如何制造了这些电子元器件及其环境影响。（由来自 Kozmonot 动画工作室执导，乔治·宰丹解说，来自 Kozmonot 动画工作室的托尔加·伊迪兹配乐）

Photolithography lets factories produce more than a trillion computer chips each year, building up to 20 trillion transistors every second with astounding precision. These chips power modern life, yet their production relies on enormous quantities of electricity, water, and chemicals. As demand grows, the process strains environmental limits, leading to water rationing and hazardous waste. Making future technology sustainable will require cleaner, smarter manufacturing that matches the intelligence of the chips themselves.